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17.6: Якісний аналіз з використанням селективних опадів
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Іони двовалентних металів Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ та Zn 2+ осаджуються у вигляді їх сульфідів, а іони тривалентних металів Al 3+ та Cr 3+ осаджуються у вигляді їх гідроксидів: Al (OH) 3 та Cr (O...Іони двовалентних металів Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ та Zn 2+ осаджуються у вигляді їх сульфідів, а іони тривалентних металів Al 3+ та Cr 3+ осаджуються у вигляді їх гідроксидів: Al (OH) 3 та Cr (OH) 3 . Якщо суміш містить Fe 3+ , сульфід знижує катіон до Fe 2+ , який випадає в осад у вигляді FeS.
4.6: Кислоти та основи
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The names of acids differentiate between (1) acids in which the H + ion is attached to an oxygen atom of a polyatomic anion (these are called oxoacidsAn acid in which the dissociable H + ion is attach...The names of acids differentiate between (1) acids in which the H + ion is attached to an oxygen atom of a polyatomic anion (these are called oxoacidsAn acid in which the dissociable H + ion is attached to an oxygen atom of a polyatomic anion., or occasionally oxyacids) and (2) acids in which the H + ion is attached to some other element. In the latter case, the name of the acid begins with hydro- and ends in -ic, with the root of the name of the other element or ion in between.
5.9: Основні навички 4
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\[ =\dfrac{1}{2}320 \; \cancel{g} \left ( \dfrac{1 \; kg}{1000 \;\cancel{g}} \right )\left [ \left ( \dfrac{123 \cancel{cm}}{1 \; s} \right ) \left ( \dfrac{1 \; m}{100 \;\cancel{cm}} \right ) \right ... $=\dfrac{1}{2}320 \; \cancel{g} \left ( \dfrac{1 \; kg}{1000 \;\cancel{g}} \right )\left [ \left ( \dfrac{123 \cancel{cm}}{1 \; s} \right ) \left ( \dfrac{1 \; m}{100 \;\cancel{cm}} \right ) \right ]^{2} =\dfrac{0.320 \; kg}{2}\left [ \dfrac{123 \; m}{s\left ( 100 \right )} \right ]^{2}$
11.7: Фазові діаграми
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Точка на діаграмі стану, де перетинаються лінії твердого/рідини, рідини/газу та твердого/газу; вона являє собою єдину комбінацію температури та тиску, при якій перетинаються всі три фази знаходяться в...Точка на діаграмі стану, де перетинаються лінії твердого/рідини, рідини/газу та твердого/газу; вона являє собою єдину комбінацію температури та тиску, при якій перетинаються всі три фази знаходяться в рівновазі і тому можуть існувати одночасно. ; це єдина комбінація температури та тиску, при якій всі три фази (тверда, рідина та газ) знаходяться в рівновазі і тому можуть існувати одночасно.
14.6: Період напіврозпаду та кінетика радіоактивного розпаду
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Таким чином, для реакції першого порядку кожен наступний період напіврозпаду є однаковою тривалістю часу, як показано на малюнку 14.5.1 «Період напіврозпаду реакції першого порядку», і не залежить від...Таким чином, для реакції першого порядку кожен наступний період напіврозпаду є однаковою тривалістю часу, як показано на малюнку 14.5.1 «Період напіврозпаду реакції першого порядку», і не залежить від [A]. Малюнок 14.5.1 Період напіврозпаду реакції першого порядку Цей графік показує концентрацію реагенту в реакції першого порядку як функцію часу та визначає ряд періодів напіврозпаду, інтервалів, в яких концентрація реагенту зменшується в 2 рази.
5.4: Теплоти формування
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The standard enthalpy of reaction (ΔH o rxn ) can be calculated from the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products (each multiplied by its stoichiometric coefficient) minus the sum o...The standard enthalpy of reaction (ΔH o rxn ) can be calculated from the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products (each multiplied by its stoichiometric coefficient) minus the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants (each multiplied by its stoichiometric coefficient)—the “products minus reactants” rule.
5.3: Закон Гесса
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Figure $\PageIndex{1}$ Energy Changes Accompanying the Thermite Reaction Because enthalpy is a state function, the overall enthalpy change for the reaction of 2 mol of Al(s) with 1 mol of Fe 2 O 3 (...Figure $\PageIndex{1}$ Energy Changes Accompanying the Thermite Reaction Because enthalpy is a state function, the overall enthalpy change for the reaction of 2 mol of Al(s) with 1 mol of Fe 2 O 3 (s) is −851.1 kJ, whether the reaction occurs in a single step (ΔH 4 , shown on the left) or in three hypothetical steps (shown on the right) that involve the successive formation of solid Al 2 O 3 and liquid iron (ΔH 1 ), solid iron at 1758°C (ΔH 2 ), and solid iron at 25°C (ΔH 3 ).
9.4: Делокалізовані склеювання та молекулярні орбіталі
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(a) This diagram shows the formation of a bonding σ 1 s molecular orbital for H 2 as the sum of the wave functions (Ψ) of two H 1s atomic orbitals. (b) This plot of the square of the wave function (Ψ ...(a) This diagram shows the formation of a bonding σ 1 s molecular orbital for H 2 as the sum of the wave functions (Ψ) of two H 1s atomic orbitals. (b) This plot of the square of the wave function (Ψ 2 ) for the bonding σ 1 s molecular orbital illustrates the increased electron probability density between the two hydrogen nuclei. (Recall from Chapter 2 that the probability density is proportional to the square of the wave function.) (c) This diagram shows the formation of an antibonding \( \sig…
14.9: Каталіз
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У главі 7 описані каталізатори Речовина, яка бере участь у реакції і змушує її протікати швидше, але яка може бути відновлена в незміненому вигляді в кінці реакції та повторно використана. Таким чином...У главі 7 описані каталізатори Речовина, яка бере участь у реакції і змушує її протікати швидше, але яка може бути відновлена в незміненому вигляді в кінці реакції та повторно використана. Таким чином, каталізатор не з'являється в загальній стехіометрії реакції, яку він каталізує, але він повинен з'явитися принаймні в одній з елементарних реакцій в механізмі каталізованої реакції.
6.4: Хвиля - подвійність частинок
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Referring to the electron, Heisenberg stated that “at every moment the electron has only an inaccurate position and an inaccurate velocity, and between these two inaccuracies there is this uncertainty...Referring to the electron, Heisenberg stated that “at every moment the electron has only an inaccurate position and an inaccurate velocity, and between these two inaccuracies there is this uncertainty relation.” Mathematically, the Heisenberg uncertainty principleA principle stating that the uncertainty in the position of a particle Δx multiplied by the uncertainty in its momentum Δ(mv) is greater than or equal to Planck’s constant h divided by 4π: states that the uncertainty in the…
8.10: Металеве склеювання
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Malleability and Ductility: The sea of electrons surrounding the protons act like a cushion, and so when the metal is hammered on, for instance, the over all composition of the structure of the metal ...Malleability and Ductility: The sea of electrons surrounding the protons act like a cushion, and so when the metal is hammered on, for instance, the over all composition of the structure of the metal is not harmed or changed. In insulators, the band gap between the valence band the the conduction band is so large that electrons cannot make the energy jump from the valence band to the conduction band.